全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17404篇 |
免费 | 3602篇 |
国内免费 | 1603篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9259篇 |
晶体学 | 541篇 |
力学 | 2573篇 |
综合类 | 97篇 |
数学 | 996篇 |
物理学 | 9143篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 198篇 |
2022年 | 391篇 |
2021年 | 479篇 |
2020年 | 866篇 |
2019年 | 597篇 |
2018年 | 551篇 |
2017年 | 606篇 |
2016年 | 908篇 |
2015年 | 863篇 |
2014年 | 1137篇 |
2013年 | 1360篇 |
2012年 | 994篇 |
2011年 | 1311篇 |
2010年 | 1096篇 |
2009年 | 1185篇 |
2008年 | 1275篇 |
2007年 | 1260篇 |
2006年 | 1173篇 |
2005年 | 933篇 |
2004年 | 898篇 |
2003年 | 843篇 |
2002年 | 627篇 |
2001年 | 541篇 |
2000年 | 450篇 |
1999年 | 329篇 |
1998年 | 300篇 |
1997年 | 238篇 |
1996年 | 195篇 |
1995年 | 155篇 |
1994年 | 140篇 |
1993年 | 122篇 |
1992年 | 101篇 |
1991年 | 88篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Inside Cover: Selective Transformation of Syngas into Gasoline‐Range Hydrocarbons over Mesoporous H‐ZSM‐5‐Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles (Chem. Eur. J. 5/2015) 下载免费PDF全文
52.
Host–Guest Chemistry between Perylene Diimide (PDI) Derivatives and 18‐Crown‐6: Enhancement in Luminescence Quantum Yield and Electrical Conductivity 下载免费PDF全文
P. Lasitha Prof. Dr. Edamana Prasad 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(30):10558-10564
Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives exhibit a high propensity for aggregation, which causes the aggregation‐induced quenching of emission from the system. Host–guest chemistry is one of the best‐known methods for preventing aggregation through the encapsulation of guest molecules. Herein we report the use of 18‐crown‐6 (18‐C‐6) as a host system to disaggregate suitably substituted PDI derivatives in methanol. 18‐C‐6 formed complexes with amino‐substituted PDIs in methanol, which led to disaggregation and enhanced emission from the systems. Furthermore, the embedding of the PDI ? 18‐C‐6 complexes in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films generated remarkably high emission quantum yields (60–70 %) from the PDI derivatives. More importantly, the host–guest systems were tested for their ability to conduct electricity in PVA films. The electrical conductivities of the self‐assembled systems in PVA were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the highest conductivity observed was 2.42×10?5 S cm?1. 相似文献
53.
The paper summarizes and discusses the recent advances of proteins as functional interlayers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Specific focus is given on the proteins integrated into the device structure, either to act as dielectric materials or to perform as the functional interlayer between the dielectric and the organic semiconductor (OSC). The main emphasis is give to the location and the specific effect of protein layers in the structure of OFETs. Besides, the possibility of amyloid serving as useful building blocks for OFET is discussed. 相似文献
54.
Rational Design and Application of a Redox‐Active,Photoresponsive, Discrete Metallogelator 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Rouzbeh Afrasiabi Prof. Dr. Heinz‐Bernhard Kraatz 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(21):7695-7700
A photoresponsive discrete metallogelator was rationally designed by incorporating a photochromic azobenzene subunit in the structure of a redox‐active ferrocene–peptide conjugate. The target molecule was purposefully equipped with a dipeptide unit capable of self‐assembly in response to sonication. The designed molecule was shown to undergo supramolecular self‐assembly and achieve organogelation in response to ultrasound, light, heat, and redox signals. The sol–gel phase transition of the designed gelator was found to be sensitive to a plethora of input stimuli, allowing the application of the sol–gel transition behavior in basic logic gate operations. A gel‐based NOT logic gate operation was realized when the redox‐active property of the organogel was examined by using different oxidizing agents. The smart response of the gelator was further exploited in designing XOR operations under oxidizing or non‐oxidizing conditions. 相似文献
55.
Niklas Rinn Dr. Jens P. Eußner Willy Kaschuba Dr. Xiulan Xie Prof. Dr. Stefanie Dehnen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(9):3094-3104
Reactions of R1SnCl3 (R1=CMe2CH2C(O)Me) with (SiMe3)2Se yield a series of organo‐functionalized tin selenide clusters, [(SnR1)2SeCl4] ( 1 ), [(SnR1)2Se2Cl2] ( 2 ), [(SnR1)3Se4Cl] ( 3 ), and [(SnR1)4Se6] ( 4 ), depending on the solvent and ratio of the reactants used. NMR experiments clearly suggest a stepwise formation of 1 through 4 by subsequent condensation steps with the concomitant release of Me3SiCl. Furthermore, addition of hydrazines to the keto‐functionalized clusters leads to the formation of hydrazone derivatives, [(Sn2(μ‐R3)(μ‐Se)Cl4] ( 5 , R3=[CMe2CH2CMe(NH)]2), [(SnR2)3Se4Cl] ( 6 , R2=CMe2CH2C(NNH2)Me), [(SnR4)3Se4][SnCl3] ( 7 , R4=CMe2CH2C(NNHPh)Me), [(SnR2)4Se6] ( 8 ), and [(SnR4)4Se6] ( 9 ). Upon treatment of 4 with [Cu(PPh3)3Cl] and excess (SiMe3)2Se, the cluster fragments to form [(R1Sn)2Se2(CuPPh3)2Se2] ( 10 ), the first discrete Sn/Se/Cu cluster compound reported in the literature. The derivatization reactions indicate fundamental differences between organotin sulfide and organotin selenide chemistry. 相似文献
56.
Electrically Switchable Magnetic Molecules: Inducing a Magnetic Coupling by Means of an External Electric Field in a Mixed‐Valence Polyoxovanadate Cluster 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Salvador Cardona‐Serra Dr. Juan M. Clemente‐Juan Prof. Eugenio Coronado Dr. Alejandro Gaita‐Ariño Dr. Nicolas Suaud Dr. Ondrej Svoboda Dr. Roland Bastardis Prof. Nathalie Guihéry Dr. Juan J. Palacios 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(2):763-769
Herein we evaluate the influence of an electric field on the coupling of two delocalized electrons in the mixed‐valence polyoxometalate (POM) [GeV14O40]8? (in short V14) by using both a t‐J model Hamiltonian and DFT calculations. In absence of an electric field the compound is paramagnetic, because the two electrons are localized on different parts of the POM. When an electric field is applied, an abrupt change of the magnetic coupling between the two delocalized electrons can be induced. Indeed, the field forces the two electrons to localize on nearest‐neighbors metal centers, leading to a very strong antiferromagnetic coupling. Both theoretical approaches have led to similar results, emphasizing that the sharp spin transition induced by the electric field in the V14 system is a robust phenomenon, intramolecular in nature, and barely influenced by small changes on the external structure. 相似文献
57.
Micro‐/Nanostructured Multicomponent Molecular Materials: Design,Assembly, and Functionality 下载免费PDF全文
Prof. Dr. Dongpeng Yan 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(13):4880-4896
Molecule‐based micro‐/nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention because their properties can vary greatly from the corresponding macro‐sized bulk systems. Recently, the construction of multicomponent molecular solids based on crystal engineering principles has emerged as a promising alternative way to develop micro‐/nanomaterials. Unlike single‐component materials, the resulting multicomponent systems offer the advantages of tunable composition, and adjustable molecular arrangement, and intermolecular interactions within their solid states. The study of these materials also supplies insight into how the crystal structure, molecular components, and micro‐/nanoscale effects can influence the performance of molecular materials. In this review, we describe recent advances and current directions in the assembly and applications of crystalline multicomponent micro‐/nanostructures. Firstly, the design strategies for multicomponent systems based on molecular recognition and crystal engineering principles are introduced. Attention is then focused on the methods of fabrication of low‐dimensional multicomponent micro‐/nanostructures. Their new applications are also outlined. Finally, we briefly discuss perspectives for the further development of these molecular crystalline micro‐/nanomaterials. 相似文献
58.
Green solvent approach for printable large deformation thermoplastic elastomer based piezoresistive sensors and their suitability for biomedical applications 下载免费PDF全文
Bruna F. Gonçalves Pedro Costa Juliana Oliveira Sylvie Ribeiro Vitor Correia Gabriela Botelho Senentxu Lanceros‐Mendez 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(20):2092-2103
Composites based on biocompatible thermoplastic elastomer styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS) as matrix and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as nanofillers show excellent mechanical and piezoresistive properties from low to large deformations. The MWCNT/SEBS composites have been prepared following a green solvent approach, to extend their range of applicability to biomedical applications. The obtained composites with 2, 4, and 5 wt % MWCNT content provide suitable piezoresistive response up to 80% deformation with a piezoresistive sensibility near 2.7, depending on the applied strain and MWCNT content. Composite sensors were also developed by spray and screen printing and integrated with an electronic data acquisition system with RF communication. The possibility to accurately control the composites properties and performance by varying MWCNT content, viscosity, and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix, shows the large potential of the system for the development of large deformation printable piezoresistive sensors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 2092–2103 相似文献
59.
Hierarchical Analysis of Self‐Assembled PEGylated Hexaphenylalanine Photoluminescent Nanostructures 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Carlo Diaferia Dr. Teresa Sibillano Dr. Nicole Balasco Dr. Cinzia Giannini Dr. Valentina Roviello Dr. Luigi Vitagliano Prof. Giancarlo Morelli Dr. Antonella Accardo 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(46):16586-16597
Despite the growing literature about diphenylalanine‐based peptide materials, it still remains a challenge to delineate the theoretical insight into peptide nanostructure formation and the structural features that could permit materials with enhanced properties to be engineered. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel peptide building block composed of six phenylalanine residues and eight PEG units, PEG8‐F6. This aromatic peptide self‐assembles in water in stable and well‐ordered nanostructures with optoelectronic properties. A variety of techniques, such as fluorescence, FTIR, CD, DLS, SEM, SAXS, and WAXS allowed us to correlate the photoluminescence properties of the self‐assembled nanostructures with the structural organization of the peptide building block at the micro‐ and nanoscale. Finally, a model of hexaphenylalanine in aqueous solution by molecular dynamics simulations is presented to suggest structural and energetic factors controlling the formation of nanostructures. 相似文献
60.
Thomas Wittmann Dr. Renée Siegel Nele Reimer Dr. Wolfgang Milius Prof. Dr. Norbert Stock Prof. Dr. Jürgen Senker 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(1):314-323
The resistance of metal–organic frameworks towards water is a very critical issue concerning their practical use. Recently, it was shown for microporous MOFs that the water stability could be increased by introducing hydrophobic pendant groups. Here, we demonstrate a remarkable stabilisation of the mesoporous MOF Al‐MIL‐101‐NH2 by postsynthetic modification with phenyl isocyanate. In this process 86 % of the amino groups were converted into phenylurea units. As a consequence, the long‐term stability of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh in liquid water could be extended beyond a week. In water saturated atmospheres Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh decomposed at least 12‐times slower than the unfunctionalised analogue. To study the underlying processes both materials were characterised by Ar, N2 and H2O sorption measurements, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and chemical analysis as well as solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy. Postsynthetic modification decreased the BET equivalent surface area from 3363 to 1555 m2 g?1 for Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh and reduced the mean diameters of the mesopores by 0.6 nm without degrading the structure significantly and reducing thermal stability. In spite of similar water uptake capacities, the relative humidity‐dependent uptake of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh is slowed and occurs at higher relative humidity values. In combination with 1H‐27Al D ‐HMQC NMR spectroscopy experiments this favours a shielding mechanism of the Al clusters by the pendant phenyl groups and rules out pore blocking. 相似文献